• What Is The Density Of Wax
• Energy Density Of Wax

Listing of net (low) and gross (high) energy content in fossil and alternative fuels, together with a description of energy content measurement

For beeswax, density ranges from 0.958 to 0.970 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc). Parafin is about 0.93 g/cc. Carnauba wax runs about 0.97 g/cc. Aside from a number of synthetic waxes, there are. Electric-Field Energy: - A capacitor is charged by moving electrons from one plate to another. This requires doing work against the electric field between the plates. Energy density: energy per unit volume stored in the space between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor. 2 2 0 1 u = εE d A C 0 ε = V = E⋅d A d CV u ⋅ = 2 2 1 Electric. The average density is about 86%, meaning candle wax has a specific gravity of 0.86 (if the specific gravity was 1.0 that would mean it was the same as water). Three reasons to measure all candle supplies by weight (instead of volume): Wax specifications are based on weight (like how much fragrance oil it can hold, etc). While soy wax adds to the hardness and long-lasting burn time of the candle. Which wax holds the most scent? Paraffin wax is considered the best for distributing a strong scent throw. However, due to the density and lower burn temperature of soy wax, it distributes scent more evenly and can last up to 50% longer than candles made with paraffin wax.

Energy content or calorific value is the same as the heat of combustion, and can be calculated from thermodynamical values, or measured in a suitable apparatus:

A known amount of the fuel is burned at constant pressure and under standard conditions (0°C and 1 bar) and the heat released is captured in a known mass of water in a calorimeter. If the initial and final temperatures of the water is measured, the energy released can be calculated using the equation

H = ΔT mC_p

where H = heat energy absorbed (in J), ΔT = change in temperature (in °C), m = mass of water (in g), and C_p = specific heat capacity (4.18 J/g°C for water). The resulting energy value divided by grams of fuel burned gives the energy content (in J/g).

The combustion process generates water vapor and certain techniques may be used to recover the quantity of heat contained in this water vapor by condensing it.

• Higher Calorific Value (= Gross Calorific Value - GCV = Higher Heating Value - HHV) - the water of combustion is entirely condensed and the heat contained in the water vapor is recovered
• Lower Calorific Value (= Net Calorific Value - NCV = Lower Heating Value - LHV) - the products of combustion contains the water vapor and the heat in the water vapor is not recovered

The table below gives the gross and net heating value of fossil fuels as well as some alternative biobased fuels.

See also Heat of combustion, Fuels - Higher and Lower Calorific Value and Combustion of fuels - CO₂ emissions.

For full table with Net Heating values - rotate the screen!

1) Fuels which consist of a mixture of several different compounds may vary in quality between seasons and markeds. The given values are for fuels with the given density. The variation in quality may give heating values within a range 5 -10% higher and lower than the given value. Also the solid fuels will have a similar quality variation for the different classes of fuel.

Key numbers to remember:

Approximate conversion values between some fossil fuel volume, weight and energy units (using net (=low) heating values):

• 1 US gallon gasoline = 115000 Btu = 121 MJ = 32 MJ/liter
• 1 boe (barell of oil equivalent) = 42 US gallons = 35 Imperial Gallons = 159 liter = 5.1 GJ = 4.8 million Btu = 1400 kWh
• 1 metric tonne gasoline = 8.44 barrels = 1342 liter = 42.8 GJ
• 1 US gallon diesel = 129000 Btu = 136 MJ = 36 MJ/liter
  
• 1 liter diesel = 36.0 MJ
• 1 metric tonne coal = 32-35 GJ (bituminous/anthracite) = 27.5 GJ (low-bituminous)
• 1 cubic feet natural gas = 950 Btu
• 1 cubic meter natural gas = 36.5 MJ

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What Is The Density Of Wax

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